The Pros and Cons of Welfare Reform Essay -- Poverty Government Argume

The Pros and Cons of Welfare ReformThere have been numerous debates within the last decade over what needs to be done intimately benefit and what is the best welfare reform plan. In the mid-1990s the TANF, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, turn was proposed under the Clinton administration. This plan was not received good since it had govern a five year lifetime limit on receiving welfare and did not supply the necessary accommodations to help plenty in poverty embody this guideline. low the impression that peck could easily have found a job and worked their way out of poverty in five years, the plan was passed in 1996 and people in poverty were immediately forced to start looking for jobs. When the TANF Act was up for renewal earlier this year, the Bush administration carefully looked at what the TANF Act had done for the poverty stricken. Bush realized that, in his opinion, the plan had been successful and should stay in effect with some minor tweaking. Bush p roposed a equivalent plan which kept the five year welfare restriction in place but did raise the budgeted amount of money to be fit(p) towards child care and food stamps. Both the TANF Act and Bushs revised bill have caused a huge controversy between liberal and conservative activists. The liberals feel that it is rude to honk people in a situation where they place no longer receive help from the government since so many people can not simply go out and get a job and work their way out of poverty. They feel if finding a job was that easy, intimately people would have already worked their way out of poverty. The conservatives feel that the plans, such as the TANF Act, are a surefire way to lower poverty levels and unemployment rates as well as decrease the amount o... ...ademic ASAP. condition A83774321.Ehrenreich, Barbara and Frances Fox Piven. ?Without a Safety Net.? Mother Jones. 27.3 (May-June2002)1?4. Online. Information Access Expanded Academic ASAP. Article A8 6047838.O?Beirne, Kate. ?The State of Welfare An old and tricky question resurfaces.? subject field Review 54.2 (February 11, 2002) 1--2. Online. Information Access Expanded Academic ASAP. Article A82106612.?Off Welfare, give out Off.? National Center for Policy Analysis. October 1,2002. http//www.ncpa.org/iss/wel/2002/pd100102a.html. (March 26, 2003).Rector, Robert E. ?Welfare-Reform Critics Were Wrong.? The Heritage Foundation. March 6, 2003. http//www.heritage.org/Press/Commentary/ed030603.cfm. (March 26, 2003).?Vanishing Act.? The Progressive 62.5 (May 1998)1-2. Online. Information Access Expanded Academic ASAP. Article A20527623. The Pros and Cons of Welfare Reform try out -- Poverty Government ArgumeThe Pros and Cons of Welfare ReformThere have been numerous debates within the last decade over what needs to be done about welfare and what is the best welfare reform plan. In the mid-1990s the TANF, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, Act wa s proposed under the Clinton administration. This plan was not received well since it had put a five year lifetime limit on receiving welfare and did not supply the necessary accommodations to help people in poverty follow this guideline. Under the impression that people could easily have found a job and worked their way out of poverty in five years, the plan was passed in 1996 and people in poverty were immediately forced to start looking for jobs. When the TANF Act was up for renewal earlier this year, the Bush administration carefully looked at what the TANF Act had done for the poverty stricken. Bush realized that, in his opinion, the plan had been successful and should stay in effect with some minor tweaking. Bush proposed a similar plan which kept the five year welfare restriction in place but did raise the budgeted amount of money to be placed towards childcare and food stamps. Both the TANF Act and Bushs revised bill have caused a huge controversy between liberal and c onservative activists. The liberals feel that it is cruel to put people in a situation where they can no longer receive help from the government since so many people can not simply go out and get a job and work their way out of poverty. They feel if finding a job was that easy, most people would have already worked their way out of poverty. The conservatives feel that the plans, such as the TANF Act, are a surefire way to lower poverty levels and unemployment rates as well as decrease the amount o... ...ademic ASAP. Article A83774321.Ehrenreich, Barbara and Frances Fox Piven. ?Without a Safety Net.? Mother Jones. 27.3 (May-June2002)1?4. Online. Information Access Expanded Academic ASAP. Article A86047838.O?Beirne, Kate. ?The State of Welfare An old and tricky question resurfaces.? National Review 54.2 (February 11, 2002) 1--2. Online. Information Access Expanded Academic ASAP. Article A82106612.?Off Welfare, Better Off.? National Center for Policy Analysis. October 1,20 02. http//www.ncpa.org/iss/wel/2002/pd100102a.html. (March 26, 2003).Rector, Robert E. ?Welfare-Reform Critics Were Wrong.? The Heritage Foundation. March 6, 2003. http//www.heritage.org/Press/Commentary/ed030603.cfm. (March 26, 2003).?Vanishing Act.? The Progressive 62.5 (May 1998)1-2. Online. Information Access Expanded Academic ASAP. Article A20527623.

Ozone Depletion and Industrial Output Essay -- Ozone Layer Environment

Ozone Depletion and Industrial Output For years, we have heard about the ozone crisis that because of industrialisation and the lack of pollution-consciousness by our industries, governments, and academia, we have put so many environmentally harmful products into the atmosphere that our ozone the good kind, the kind that protects us from harmful UV radiation therapy is becoming dangerously damaged. It is becoming thinner and developing holes, like the large hole over Antarctica. Predictions made expected the ozone hole to continue to increase and for the superior general thickness to get continuously thinner, so that the harmful UV rays of the sun would pass right through our atmosphere and fry our skin if we went outside for tenner minutes fifty years from now. (I was actually told this in elementary school, except that we were told that this was an inevitable scenario, and there was really nothing that we could do about it other than pervert SPF 250 sun-block. As a tech fix, this would probably be entirely possible) However, recent evidence has shown that the rate of expansion of the ozone hole is actually decreasing that the ozone is not being destroyed as quickly as experts thought it would. In fact, the ozone held its own and showed very little damage for a few years at the end of the 1990s. Why? Perhaps it is because emissions that damage the ozone are being reduced internationally, therefore resulting in an overall reduction of damage done annually to the ozone, allowing it to father to repair itself. Before it was known that they would cause great damage to the ozone, many factories not only released uncontrolled amounts of polluting emissions, but they also developed products that were very prejudicious t... ...t, there is the realistic path of dangerously continuing to destruct our atmosphere. Basically, cleaning up technology and industry in order to reduce emissions and other problems is an uphill battle, bu t a very feasible one if enough people recognize it as worthy. If industry continues to reduce emissions, and is given incentives to institute greener technologies rather than safe cleaning up old ones, I think that we will well be on our way to ceasing ozone damage and perhaps also to help winnow out other environmental problems.Works CitedFahey, D.W. and A.R. Ravishankara. Summer in the Stratosphere. Science, v.285, n.5425, p.208-210, July 1999.Kerr, Richard. A Brighter Outlook for Good Ozone. Science, v.297, p.1623-1625, September 2002.Poliakoff, Martyn et al. Green Chemistry Science and Politics of Change. Science, v.297, p.807-810, August 2002.

Technical Writing and Test Prep: An Examination of Technical Writing in

Developed in the 1950s as a response to an increased interest in post-secondary teaching method due to the G.I. Bill, the American College Testing Program, cognize today as ACT, was a non- profit, tax-exempt organization which provided standardized testing services meant to help students make better decisions about(predicate) which colleges to attend and which programs to study, and provide tuition helpful to colleges both in the process of admitting students and in ensuring their success after enrollment (ACT.org). Historically, the ACT has played an integral role in the developing the realms of education and the workforce, and it continues to support both education and workforce development in the 21st century. In 2002, the ACT organization announced a new incorporated structure, comprised of both divisions Education and Workforce Development. The new governance structure consists of a 14-member Board of Directors, and the expanded advising structure retains the ACT State Or ganizations but now also includes deuce distinct Advisory Boards, one for each of the new divisions (ACT.org) calling into question the companys non-profit title. Adorning a corporate title, however, suggests that the role of the ACT organization and its social occasion of standardized testing persist as an economic enterprise whose sole purpose is to create revenue. The ACT organization relies heavily on economic and technical developments that help sustain productivity and reliability of a product. In the case of the non-profit, tax exempt entity of ACT, standardized testing is big business as any year Americans spend millions on the tests they are required to write in order to be evaluated for admission into undergraduate and graduate programs, and many millions mor... ...valuation of a textbook designed by, marketed by, and sold by ACT Incorporated. Ultimately, connecting the history of ACT testing, the creation of a test preparation study guide distributed by a non-profit corporate entity, and a qualitative study of technical design is undoubtedly a challenge. However, the findings of such research will potentially challenge or strengthen notions about the validity of both standardized test and test prep materials with respect to technical writing. Works Cited Works CitedACT The First Fifty Years, 1959-2009. ACT.org. Act, Inc., 2009. Web. 1 Oct 2010. .Carter, Chris. The courtship Against Standardized Tests. 6 Oct. 2009. testcritic.homestead.com. 23 Sep. 2010 .

Organ Transplants Essay -- Medicine

The need for variety meat in the UK is change magnitude by an outstanding rate, leaving up to 5000 people to die, while waiting for an organ to be donated, separately year. Hospitals and their resources are exhausted. The sum of donated organs is simply non enough to keep up with the increasing demand for healthy, transplantable organs. Scientists have in recent geezerhood come up with numerous advances in this bailiwick of science merely various issues have become apparent on the road to successful transplantations. organ transplant is the process of replacing a damaged or failing organ with a compatible functioning one. For years the only foreseeable solution were voluntary donors who allowed the use of their organs after they passed away or live donors who were prepared to donate cells, blood or transplantable organs such as kidneys. The main(prenominal) issue with organ transplantation is the lack of donors. Governments in the past have put forward the idea of compulsor y donation. However some people postulate that this is unethical and a person has the right to refuse. In some major religions the idea of harming the body after death is just simply not an option. counter arguments claim that these issues are irrelevant as the number of lives saved would outweigh any negatives they would be saving lives. Transplants from human donors are relatively straightforward on the face of it however underneath the surface hides a tangle of ethical and moral concerns. What are the sources of organs used in transplantation? Should we pay for organs? Should someone who has already received one transplant, be allowed a second? Should alcoholics be given liver transplants? Yes, in the United Kingdom, organs are sourced from volunteers, however in recent years the issue of ... ...// angry walkcells-research.net/2011/07/09/stem-cells-ethics/, stem cell ethics http//ndt.oxfordjournals.org/content/27/3/1246.full.pdf+html?sid=cc03e2a4-2c56-4dfa-9a45-2ac85b454869, Comparison between bortezomib and rituximab in the intervention of antibody-mediated renal allograft rejectionhttp//bioethics.georgetown.edu/pcbe/background/davispaper.html, A mental faculty Working and Discussion Paper The Ethics of pipe organ Allocation, September 2006http//www.unos.org/donation/index.php?topic=organ_allocation, Organ Allocation, updated 2012Journals/BooksBudiani-Saberi, Da Delmonico, Fl, Organ trafficking and transplant tourism a commentary on the global realities., American journal of transplantation, May 2008 Videos/movieshttp//www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=7394380n, solution Cell Fraud A 60 legal proceeding investigation, CBS NEWS 60 minutes, January 8, 2012 Organ Transplants Essay -- MedicineThe need for organs in the UK is increasing by an outstanding rate, leaving up to 5000 people to die, while waiting for an organ to be donated, each year. Hospitals and their resources are exhausted. The number of donated organs is simply not enou gh to keep up with the increasing demand for healthy, transplantable organs. Scientists have in recent years come up with numerous advances in this area of science however various issues have become apparent on the road to successful transplantations.Transplantation is the process of replacing a damaged or failing organ with a compatible functioning one. For years the only foreseeable solution were voluntary donors who allowed the use of their organs after they passed away or live donors who were prepared to donate cells, blood or transplantable organs such as kidneys. The main issue with organ transplantation is the lack of donors. Governments in the past have put forward the idea of compulsory donation. However some people argue that this is unethical and a person has the right to refuse. In some major religions the idea of harming the body after death is just simply not an option. Counter arguments claim that these issues are irrelevant as the number of lives saved would outweigh any negatives they would be saving lives. Transplants from human donors are relatively straightforward on the face of it however underneath the surface hides a tangle of ethical and moral concerns. What are the sources of organs used in transplantation? Should we pay for organs? Should someone who has already received one transplant, be allowed a second? Should alcoholics be given liver transplants? Yes, in the United Kingdom, organs are sourced from volunteers, however in recent years the issue of ... ...//stemcells-research.net/2011/07/09/stem-cells-ethics/, stem cell ethics http//ndt.oxfordjournals.org/content/27/3/1246.full.pdf+html?sid=cc03e2a4-2c56-4dfa-9a45-2ac85b454869, Comparison between bortezomib and rituximab in the treatment of antibody-mediated renal allograft rejectionhttp//bioethics.georgetown.edu/pcbe/background/davispaper.html, A Staff Working and Discussion Paper The Ethics of Organ Allocation, September 2006http//www.unos.org/donation/index.php?topic=organ_al location, Organ Allocation, updated 2012Journals/BooksBudiani-Saberi, Da Delmonico, Fl, Organ trafficking and transplant tourism a commentary on the global realities., American journal of transplantation, May 2008 Videos/movieshttp//www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=7394380n, Stem Cell Fraud A 60 Minutes investigation, CBS NEWS 60 minutes, January 8, 2012

Mass Media :: essays research papers

Issue 141. Media Monopolies Are the Dangers of Concentration Overstated?Yes, by Eli M. Noam and Robert N. FreemanNo, by Ben H. Bagdikian2. The of import focus behind the two articles are the concentration of media. Through the Telecommunications Act of 1996 attempts were made to limit the amount of monopolies in media. However this opened the door for former(a) large businesses to merge and gain even more condition, therefor creating more concentration in the media. Are the media monopolies doing their job in surveying national and local issues and are they acting in the habitual interest? The article likewise analyzes the vastly growing corporate elite who mark off media, and their ability to censor public awareness. 2. Eli Noam and Robert N. Freeman believe that there is more competition in U.S. media and it is only moderately tough. They justify their claim through U.S. Department of Justice procedure for identifying concentrated markets. They show several graphs indicati ng the shares of companies and the moderate increase that has occurred in recent years. Noam and Freeman show graphs that show both an increase in the total concentration of the media industriousness as well as graphs that depict a slight decline. They also support their claim by describing the drops that occurred in telecommunications services, computers TV programming and in music. They deal how the market shift moved away from mainframes to microcomputers, where there is very little domination of the market by one company. Bagdikian lacks evidence of his claim, and supports it with his own opinions. He explains the world of the situation in media concentration and control. He tells about the dominance of Microsoft and General electric, who own NBC and radio and cable networks across the globe. He shows how Rupert Murdoch used media control to control politics which then made him immune to the restrictions applied to media, and allowed him to form FOX network. Bendikian emphasiz es that companies who have control over politics can do whatever they want.3. both(prenominal) sides of the issue support their side through examples in the media market. Noam and Freeman show the various firms and corporations, who compete and take over the other companies, slowly increasing their control of the market. Bendikian analyzes the major corporations who have influence over the media, such as GE and FOX who are growing and killing off the other competitors. He also shows the raising role that cyber media and computers are playing in the market and the how companies are finding ways around the restrictions by merging.

Mass Media :: essays research papers

Issue 141. Media Monopolies Are the Dangers of Concentration Overstated?Yes, by Eli M. Noam and Robert N. freemanNo, by Ben H. Bagdikian2. The main focus behind the two articles are the concentration of media. Through the Telecommunications Act of 1996 attempts were made to limit the amount of monopolies in media. However this subject the door for otherwise large businesses to merge and gain even more control, therefor creating more concentration in the media. Are the media monopolies doing their job in analyse national and local issues and are they acting in the public interest? The article also analyzes the vastly growing corporate elite who control media, and their world power to censor public awareness. 2. Eli Noam and Robert N. Freeman believe that there is more competition in U.S. media and it is only moderately concentrated. They justify their claim through U.S. Department of arbiter procedure for identifying concentrated markets. They show several graphs indicating th e shares of companies and the moderate increase that has occurred in recent years. Noam and Freeman show graphs that show both an increase in the integrality concentration of the media industry as well as graphs that depict a slight decline. They also support their claim by describing the drops that occurred in telecommunications services, computers TV computer programming and in music. They discuss how the market shift moved away from mainframes to microcomputers, where there is very little domination of the market by one company. Bagdikian lacks evidence of his claim, and supports it with his deliver opinions. He explains the reality of the situation in media concentration and control. He tells about the dominance of Microsoft and General electric, who own NBC and radio and cable networks across the globe. He shows how Rupert Murdoch employ media control to control politics which then made him immune to the restrictions applied to media, and allowed him to form FOX network. Be ndikian emphasizes that companies who have control over politics can do whatever they want.3. Both sides of the issue support their side through examples in the media market. Noam and Freeman show the various firms and corporations, who compete and take over the other companies, easy increasing their control of the market. Bendikian analyzes the major corporations who have influence over the media, such as GE and FOX who are growing and killing off the other competitors. He also shows the raising role that cyber media and computers are playing in the market and the how companies are finding ways around the restrictions by merging.

Bad Apple Theory

The government has the responsibility of upholding and protecting the rights and welfargon of the people. In relation with this, the government established subsidiary bodies and organizations that will assistant them do their duty of protecting the people. The Police military posture is among the primary organization that is authorized by the government to maintain the peace and order of their jurisdiction and to mightily en propel the law to anyone that will pose a threat to the security of his or her fellow individual or to the general public.However, the reputation of the police force is tainted by degeneracy due to the illegal practices of some police officers. This kind of problem must be immediately address provided in that location are difficulties in properly controlling corruption because most people still believe with the Bad Apple Theory. The Bad Apple Theory tries to exempt the illegal and unethical behavior of some police officers.This theory emphasize that the co rrupt practices in the Police Force is due to some bad apples that are found in a clean barrel. Simply put, this means that corruption is brought about by some bad police officers that are working in a clean and ethical police force. This mentality hinders the proper understanding and control of corruption. Due to the fact, that this Bad Apple Theory is no longer applicable.According to the whole shebang of Tim Newburn (1999) entitled mind and preventing police corruption lessons from the literature, corrupt police officers are not natural-born criminals, nor are they bad men or women who are constitutionally diametric from their honest co-workers. In order to control corruption, it is essential that the barrel should also be examined and not only the apples. In this sense, the whole organization of the police force should be carefully analyzed to see its flaws that might influence police officers to be corrupt (Newburn, 1999).To be able properly prevent and control corruption in the police force, people should forego of the Bad Apple Theory. Authorities and even ordinary citizen should not only be vigilant with corrupt officers but they should also give due attention to the police fore itself. It must be remembered that corrupt police are made, not born (Newburn, 1999). Reference Newburn, T. (1999). Understanding and Preventing Police Corruption Lessons from the Literature. London Crown Copyright.

Background check of hiring employee Essay

In nowadays, reach check of hiring employee is practicing by almost all agencies. Point is that, the skills of the applicant can be, somehow, figured out. It is much more difficult to judge the level of trust, honesty, mental toughness, and loyalty. Reading through chapter 9, and conducting a slight research, my answers to the questions of the given scenario are as follows1.Do temporary agencies have a duty to run stress checks? If so, did Robert half breach that duty? Why or Why not? According to the law of negligence, temporary agencies should follow the duty policy on background check on pre-employment, in order not to satisfy an element of negligence. In case of Robert Half International Inc., and drop Associates, Inc., I dont think, that duty was breached, the company trusted to provided information by Ms. Ross about herself, and she got good recommendations from her former employers. At some extend, it is a background check.2.The court ruled against Fox Associates. Was the court correct? Do you think Fox should have done its own background check? Why or Why not? I agree with the court decision, that it was determined that duty is not breached, because it happened unknowingly. Even though the company recommended the employee, Fox could do its own background check as well.3.The incident pattern mentions that sunbeam suffered similar damages when it failed to do its own background check on Mr. Dunlap, its former CEO. Who was more at fault, Sunbeam or the administrator search agency? In this case, the fault has an Executive search agency more, than Sunbeam, as it its straight duty to check background before approve for hiring. However, Sunbeam is liable for its losses also, because it should request and check the information about hiring employer.4.Strategically and legally speaking, why do you think the former employers said nothing about Ms. Ross record and gave her good recommendations? There could be some reasons 1). the former employers might fee l sympathetic towards Ms. Ross, and they dont believe that she has stolen any funds 2) Ms. Ross, indeed a good specialist in her field and the last 3) The former employers just didnt tell the truth.5.Develop oneunique background check policies for your company on employees hired through a search firm or temp agency. The main idea on background check which Id give care to develop, besides gathering information, confirmation of address, criminal records searches, is that pre-employee will answer some simple questions, which will ask him/her the same, but in different manner, and maybe I would add some psychological tests, which will let me know if that employee was capable to do something unethical in his past work experience.

How American and British towns and cities are preparing for peak oil

Peak rock oil is the point in time when the maximum rate of global oil colour extraction is reached, after which the rate of production enters terminal decline. This is expected to happen at the midpoint of depletion, that is, when only half the oil that will ever be produced has been consumed, and the other half is still underground.When oil production starts to decline, the economic impacts will be dramatic. Economic growth is largely dependent upon a growing oil supply. The International Energy Agency has forecast oil demand to expand at a rate of 1.3% annually over the period 2004-2030. This is likely to fall to large spikes in the oil price along with the price of gas and electricity which are closely linked on financial markets.British local anesthetic authorities are now starting to consider the potential impact of peak oil on their services and communities. The preparations they have do are as followsWoking Borough Council in Surrey has achieved major cuts in the talent consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of its buildings largely by converting to combined heat and power (CHP), that is, small, local gas pink-slipped power stations, which depict both electricity and heats to buildings nearby. CHP is highly economic because it exploits the large amounts of heat that are normally wasted in electricity generation to provide space heating and hot water. Woking says this approach has cut gas consumption by as much as 30% and emissions by even more(prenominal) which is a great achievement. But although Woking has cut its gas consumptions, its dependency upon gas is now even higher than before because a far greater residual of its total energy comes from this single source. Woking is now proud that it now generates 82% of its own electricity, and distributes it through a private wire network.The preparations the US cities have made are as followsIn the Arlington County, Virginia, the board has published an environmental initiative called fresh AIR E (Arlington Initiative To Reduce Emissions) This document outlines the aims put in place in the right direction towards preparing for peak oil Increase purchase of wind-generated electricity from 3% of the total electricity purchased by the county to 5% Install solar energy technology (eg solar water heating) in one or two county facilities to demonstrate its efficiency and effectiveness. Prepare a strategic energy plan and a climate action plan for County operations and the community. Plant at least 1,200 trees in 2007.The measures put in place are as follows Many window pane options, including transit, and the development of a Master Transportation Plan. An energy-efficient County fleet, including hybrid-electric vehicles, vehicles running on bio-diesel fuel, and ART buses powered by natural gas. An aggressive tree planting program, which includes the purchase of wind-generated electricity. A renewable energy program, which includes the purchase of wind-generated electricity.The document also recommends three things that individuals can do for themselves, which again would also be useful in beginning to reduce peak oil Drive a fuel-efficient car, walk, bike, or take transit. If 10 people trade in cars that get 24 miles per gallon for more efficient cars that get 40 miles per gallon, this action alone would reduce CO2 emissions by 40000 lbs per year which is equivalent of taking four of those cars off the road. Get an energy audit, and apply the recommendations. This year, the county will support 20 demonstration home energy audits. I recently purchased an energy audit for my home and have learned many things I can quickly do to save on energy costs. Replace one frequently-used light bulb with a compact fluorescent bulb. If every family took this simple step, Arlingtonians would achieve the emissions equivalent of removing 1,000 cars from our roadways and save a million dollars a year. It was suggested by experts that the County should distribute at leas t 2,000 compact fluorescent light bulbs at public events, to reduce CO2 by 100 tons.

Barron V Baltimore

Among the original decisions handed down by the United States Supreme Court, some gave limitations to the big businessman of the Federal government, others expanded upon the rights of the Federal government, and still others differentiated between the powers granted to the Federal government versus the powers granted to the individual asseverates.It is among this final group that the decision in Barron v.Balti more(prenominal) belongs, as it was a decisive moment for the greet to very clearly comment on the separation of regulations reserved for the states as well as the regulations more appropriately assigned the Federal government. Decided in 1833, the decision is far- adjoining and continues to contact American law and society in the present day.Although the decision in Barron v. Baltimore impacts in the origin place the Fifth Amendment, the passage of the fourteenth Amendment expands on both the interpretation of the Fifth Amendment as well as the holding in Barron v.Balti more. The major player in this berth, whoremonger Barron, was a wharf owner in the state of physician. Barron enjoyed a profitable enterprise utilizing the deepest peeings on the coast of Baltimore, until activities by the city began to impact his business. In 1815, Barron alleged that the City of Baltimore am routined the flow of streams while engaging in street construction, creating mounds of sand and earth near his wharf, making the water too shallow for most vessels.(Wikipedia, 2007) Because it was the activities of the city of Baltimore that impacted his trade and not natural erosion, Barron felt legally wrong and brought suit against the city seeking restoration for loss of business due to his ships not being able to flow freely into and out of his wharf due to decreased depth of water. The City of Baltimore disagreed with the allegations of John Barron, and alternatively stated in court that they were simply conducting the activities necessary to maintain their city as was their right.According to the first volume of the American Law Encyclopedia, Baltimore, as a city, was modernizing in 1815, and their updates included building embankments, grading roads, and paving streets. (American Law Encyclopedia, 2007) Because those modernization activities included diverting small waterways, and because a series of natural rainstorms filled those diverted waterways with dirt, the flow of water led to the buildup of silt at the emptying location of the waterways, which was the wharf owned by John Barron.A local court, upon hearing the case, found that Barron had and then been wronged by the City of Baltimore, and awarded damages in the amount of $4500, to compensate for business lost. The City of Baltimore was greatly displeased by this decision, in that it indicated that they had purposefully taken use of the land (water) owned by Barron and used without compensation, when, in fact, the filling of his wharf with silt was an unfortunate by product of mode rnization activities being conducted inland.Upon appeal, a Maryland appellate court reversed and thus the pendulum swung back to Barron to move the case forward. (American Law Encyclopedia, 2007) Barron did so by appealing to the United States Supreme Court, who heard the case on a writ of error. The decision handed down by the United States Supreme Court in the case of Barron v. Baltimore represented one of the first occasions of review for the Fifth Amendment to the United States spirit. According to the website entitled Common Sense Americanism, the primary question before the Court was whether the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. shaping could be made to take to the states. When written and ratified shortly after the Constitution was itself written and ratified, the Amendments were widely understood to apply to the Federal government and its actions and reach, as the actions and reach of the State governments were provided for by the Tenth Amendment as well as state legislation. H owever, in the case of Barron v. Baltimore, Barron sought to buzz off the Fifth Amendment cross applied to have a local entity held accountable to the same standards.The portion of the Fifth Amendment so highly relevant to this case states nor shall private property be taken for earthly concern use, without just compensation. (U. S. Const. , Amend. V) The decision by the local court clearly thought that by assigning compensation, the Fifth Amendment was thereby satisfied the state court disagreed in stating that the Fifth Amendment did not apply. The United States Supreme Court held simply that Barron had no claim against the state under the Bill of Rights because the Bill of Rights does not apply to the states.(McBride, 2006) The rationale used by the court in coming to this blunt conclusion was explained by McBride, saying that the tenants of the Constitution applied only to the government the Constitution creates that is, the Federal government. Because state governments had b een afforded the right to create individual state Constitutions, they need instead be held to the standards created within those documents. In a decision written by Chief Justice Marshall, the case is dismissed for want of jurisdiction, because the same limitations and responsibilities assigned the Federal Government are not applicable to the legislation of the States.(Barron v. Baltimore, 1833) The holding of Barron v. Baltimore system applicable to the present day because of the precedent set in separating the responsibilities of the state and Federal governments. In McCulloch v. Maryland, the precedent set limited the ability of a state government to impose restrictions on the Federal government. In Gibbons v. Ogden, the precedent set limited the role played by state governments in interstate commerce, reserving those powers instead to the Federal government. But in Barron v.Baltimore, a decision written by the same Chief Justice as the two prior cases, the precedent seemed to d iffer, in that instead of imposing a Federal standard and Federal actions upon local communities, the Court instead distinguished between state and Federal powers and stated that the actions of a local entity could not be held to the same standards set for a Federal entity. Thirty-five years after the decision rendered in Barron v. Baltimore, the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was passed.The first provision of this amendment very closely mimicked the Fifth Amendment, but notably leaving off the final wording regarding compensation for use of land. Whereas the Fifth Amendment states no person shallbe deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation, the Fourteenth Amendment states No State shalldeprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. So while the hol ding in Barron v.Baltimore eventually influenced the creation of the Fourteenth Amendment, compensation for the use of land is notably left silent. Despite that, the long-lasting legacy of Barron v. Baltimore is that despite an initial holding of the inapplicability of Federal regulations on state or local entities, it lead to the laying of groundwork for currently followed precedents that the states are direct held to similar standards as the Federal government, due to the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment. References Barron v. Baltimore. 32 U. S. 243 (1833). Barron v. Baltimore. (2007). American Law Encyclopedia, Vol 1.Retrieved exhibit 30, 2007 from http//law. jrank. org/pages/4681/Barron-v-Baltimore. html. Barron v. Baltimore. (2007). Wikipedia. Retrieved March 30, 2007, from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Barron_v. _Baltimore. Common Sense Americanism. (2007). Barron v. City of Baltimore. Retrieved March 30, 2007 from http//www. csamerican. com/SC. asp? r=32+U. S. +243. McB ride, A. (2006). The Supreme Court The First Hundred Years Landmark Cases Barron v. Baltimore. Retrieved March 30, 2007 from http//www. pbs. org/wnet/supremecourt/antebellum/landmark_barron. html. U. S. Const. , Amend. V. U. S. Const. , Amend. XIV.